How to learn computer programming

How to get started in computer programming

1. Learn a programming language

Start learning computer programming by gaining fluency in a programming language. While there are many options for computer programming languages, data from IEEE Spectrum suggests that the most common programming languages include:

• Python
• Java
• JavaScript
• C++
• TypeScript
• SQL

Many opportunities exist to help you independently learn to code, including online coding and programming courses on edX. Explore code libraries like the Python Standard Library and write code daily to learn about your language's logic and syntax. Consider practicing with online exercises and developing increasingly advanced projects.

2. Master programming basics

After becoming comfortable with a language, focus on foundational programming concepts:

• Data Types: Understand how computers represent different kinds of data, such as integers, floats, strings, and booleans.
• Variables: Learn how to assign and reference data points throughout your code.
• Data Structures: Learn about stacks, queues, dictionaries, trees, and more for efficient collection, storage, and management.
• Lists/Arrays: Group and manipulate collections of data.
• Algorithms: Develop rules that a computer can enact on a dataset.
• Debugging: Find and solve problems within your code.

3. Complete coding projects

Develop your coding skills with project-based learning. Practice "thinking like a coder" by programming independent projects like calculators, number games, or personal portfolio websites. These projects can help you hone critical programming skills like:

• Problem-solving
• Communication
• Attention to detail
• Adaptability
• Creativity

Online courses may also help refine your skills as you learn to program. Explore online computer programming courses in subjects like adaptive design, code migration, and cloud computing on edX to add qualifications and experience to your résumé.

4. Choose a specialization

As your confidence grows, think about where you want your programming skills to take you. What interests you in programming, and what specialization will provide long-term job opportunities and security?

Common specializations include:

• Artificial intelligence and machine learning
• Game design
• Software and app development
• Web development
• Embedded systems

However, progressions in AI are making the technology more instrumental across industries. It has the potential to automate some basic programming tasks and improve coding efficiency. Consider future-proofing your computer programming skills with online AI courses on edX.

5. Build a portfolio

A programming portfolio is a collection of projects demonstrating your ability to write and run code successfully. Many people create portfolio websites to showcase their web development capabilities. If you code your website, be sure to make it responsive, organized, and easy to navigate to exhibit your effectiveness as a programmer.

You could also build a portfolio using an online software hosting platform like GitHub or Launchpad. These tools allow developers to create software, store it, and share it with collaborators or potential employers.

Benefits of learning computer programming online

• Flexibility: Learning programming allows you to complete projects and build a portfolio on your schedule and in a comfortable environment.
• Adaptability: Computer programming courses help you build skills you can apply to various projects, such as machine learning, embedded systems, or app development, helping you pivot as technology evolves.
• Interactivity: Many online courses embed coding practice elements into their interfaces to allow you to code without leaving their platform.
• Accessibility: As long as you have a computer and an internet connection, you can practice coding whenever and wherever you want.
• Affordability: Code libraries, open source communities, and online courses can provide low-cost learning opportunities with a relatively low barrier to entry.

How long does it take to learn computer programming?

The time it takes to learn computer programming varies depending on your learning method and commitment, but most learners can reach a job-ready level within six months to a year. During this time, you must become familiar with at least one coding language, complete coding exercises, and create a portfolio showcasing your problem-solving and development skills. Dedicating consistent daily practice can significantly improve your progress.

Jobs that use computer programming

Below, find more information about specific computer programming positions, including salary and job outlook data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Software developers, quality assurance analysts, and testers

Software developers design, test, and debug software systems that power technology like desktop applications and embedded systems in sensors, appliances, and vehicles.

• Median annual salary (2024): $131,450
• Projected job growth (2023-33): +17%

Computer systems analysts

Computer systems analysts review an organization's technology and computer systems, recommending upgrades or code optimizations to enhance performance and efficiency.

• Median annual salary (2024): $103,790
• Projected job growth (2023-33): +11%

Database administrators and architects

Database administrators and architects code and maintain secure systems that store, organize, and retrieve an organization's data.

• Median annual salary (2024): $123,100
• Projected job growth (2023-33): +9%

Web developers and digital designers

Web developers work across industries to build websites and design their interfaces and elements.

• Median annual earnings (2024): $95,380
• Projected job growth (2023-33): +8%

Information security analysts

Information security analysts create systems to secure and protect an organization's proprietary data from cyberattacks and unauthorized access.

• Median annual earnings (2024): $124,910
• Projected job growth (2023-33): +33%

How to learn computer programming on edX

Find the best computer programming course for your needs on edX. Sign up today and explore how computer programming skills can advance your career.

Here are your next steps on edX:

1. Gain skills for entry-level roles with computer programming and coding courses on edX.
2. Advance your knowledge and experience with an online degree program on edX.
3. Master the subject and learn to lead a team of programmers with edX's executive education programs.

Last updated June 24, 2025