Upon completion of the courses, learners will be competent in:

• Describing the indications and limitations of 2D extra-/intraoral imaging modalities
• Describing indications and limitations of 3D imaging
• Recognizing the anatomy and pathology in the radiological images
• Identifying the principles in radiation protection including low dose protocols

Module 1 / Week 1 - Image modalities in dento-maxillofacial radiology and aspects of radiation dose protection

1.1 – 2D and 3D imaging including extra-/ intraoral imaging – general indications and limitations

l Describe the types, indications and limitations of 2D dental imaging

l Describe the types, indications and limitations of 3D dental imaging

l Understand the selection of patients for dental radiographic examinations

1.2 - Radiation optimization

l Explain the differences between analogue and digital image receptors

l Illustrate the different digital image receptors

l Highlight the key concepts for radiation, radiation dose, radiation dose related risks

l Introduce the various acronyms and the concept behind them

Module 2 / Week 2: Basic image modalities in dental medicine subspecialities

2.1 – Operative dentistry

l Describe the diagnostic relevance of radiographs for operative dentistry

l Understand the diagnostic accuracy of different imaging types in detecting caries

2.2 – Periodontology

l Describe the diagnostic relevance of radiographs for periodontology.

l Understand the role of DMFR in diagnosis and management of complex periodontitis

2.3 – Periapical radiograph, occlusal radiograph, panoramic radiograph – indications and limitations for children in general

l Introduce the common indications and limitations of Intraoral and panoramic radiographs for children.

l Guideline on taking x-rays for children by American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry

2.4 – Cephalometric imaging – Indications and limitations for the orthodontist

l Introduce the indications and limitations of cephalometric analysis

l Introduce the basic landmarks and steps for cephalometric analysis

2.5 – Minor oral surgery

l Introduce the diagnostic imaging for Impacted teeth/third molars.

Module 3 / Week 3: Advance image modalities and Future technologies in dentistry

3.1 Introduction - CBCT

l Introduction of CBCT

3.2 Focus on CBCT

l Explain how the dose can be reduced during CBCT scan and introduce the research group of DIMITRA.

l Appreciate that CBCT radiation dose can be reduced for child patients

3.3 – Ultrasonography

l Introduce how ultrasonography can be used in dentistry

3.4 – MRI

l Introduce how MRI can be used in dentistry.

l Summarize the MRI use in dentistry