How to become an engineer

What does an engineer do?

Engineers do many different things, depending on the type of engineering. Specializations include, but are not limited to:

• Software engineer: Designing and developing computer applications and programs.
• Industrial engineer: Optimizing processes and systems across various industries.
• Electrical engineer: Designing and creating electrical systems and devices.
• Civil engineer: Planning and overseeing construction of large infrastructure projects such as roads and bridges.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the average annual salary for engineers is $111,890 as of May 2023. This is much higher than the $65,470 average annual salary across all occupations.

Steps to become an engineer

Becoming an engineer can be potentially fulfilling, but it does require following a series of steps. Each step can move you higher up the career ladder.

Step 1: Earn a bachelor's degree in engineering

Although engineering technicians need just a two-year degree, it takes a bachelor's degree to become a fully qualified engineer. This can typically be a bachelor of science degree, although some institutions may grant a bachelor of arts or simply a bachelor of engineering.

Step 2: Pass the FE exam

Engineers planning to work in regulated industries or offer engineering services to the public may need to obtain a professional license. The Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam is the first step toward becoming a licensed professional engineer. Administered by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES), the FE exam tests your knowledge of the basic principles of engineering. Many engineers take the 110-question exam late in their senior year or shortly after graduating from college, but you can take it later if desired.

Step 3: Further your education and experience

Engineers pursuing licensure may be eligible to apply for Engineer in Training (EIT) certification in their state. State laws vary, however, so be sure to check the relevant eligibility requirements.

An EIT certificate may not always be a prerequisite for employment, but it can show prospective employers that you have the appropriate expertise for an engineering role.

Many engineers start working right away, while others choose to go on to graduate school. Some do both, working full-time while earning an online master's in engineering degree. This can be a great way to work your way up the career ladder, as many higher-level positions require a master's degree. You can gain both experience and education at the same time, growing quickly as an engineer.

A common saying among engineers is that they're obsolete in two years. So consider taking continuing education courses throughout your career.

Step 4: Consider taking the PE exam

The Principles and Practices of Engineering (PE) exam, also administered by the NCEES, is designed for those who have at least four years of work experience in their chosen specialization. Some states allow engineers who hold a master's degree to reduce the work requirement by one year.

The PE exam is available in 27 different disciplines, allowing you to take the one that best matches your career trajectory.

Some engineers choose not to take the PE exam, especially if they are already working for a company that doesn't require it. But the exam is required for state licensure as a professional engineer, which can be essential to reach the highest levels of this career.

Every state's licensure requirements are slightly different, so be sure to check with the relevant governing body if you want to obtain a license.

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