Hacking: What it is and how to get started
Cybercrime is booming. The world needs skilled ethical hackers to counter the increasing threat of cyberterrorism and help safeguard corporations, financial institutions, and government agencies online. Read on to learn how to launch your hacking career.
What is hacking, and why is it important?
Hacking, or cyberhacking, is the process of accessing a computer system, network, or digital device without authorization. Cybercriminals hack into networks illegally to steal financial or personal information, corrupt digital data, or implant malware with malicious intent. However, not all hacking is illegal or unethical.
To combat cybercrime, ethical hackers use these skills for good. They identify and test vulnerabilities within digital networks to strengthen the barriers against malicious cyberattacks. The FBI estimates that over $4 billion was lost to cybercrime in 2020 alone. This boom in online crime is driving demand for ethical hacking professionals.
Types of hackers
The cybersecurity industry often uses hat colors to describe the range of hacker types. Black hat, white hat, and grey hat hackers are the most well-known hacker groups, classified according to the nature of their intentions and ethical standing.
Black hat hackers
Black hat hackers intend to use their hacking skills maliciously and illegally. Cybercriminals in this category are also called unethical hackers and malicious hackers. Black hat hackers gain unauthorized access to computer systems and networks in order to exploit their vulnerabilities, such as by implanting a virus, breaching a database, and/or extorting funds.
White hat hackers
White hat hackers, also called ethical hackers, are the counterpoint to black hat hackers. They locate and repair vulnerabilities in a network or system to prevent unauthorized access and guard against cyberattacks. While black and white hat hackers employ many of the same hacking techniques, white hats use these skills to strengthen the integrity of their organization's computer systems rather than for malicious intent.
Gray hat hackers
As their name suggests, gray hat hackers operate between black and white hats in terms of their intent. They are neither fully ethical nor fully unethical. For example, a gray hacker may uncover a weakness in an organization's network and demand payment in exchange for declining to exploit the vulnerability.
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What are the benefits of learning how to hack?
- Accelerated Programs Master the fundamentals of ethical hacking in self-paced courses online.
- Career Options Benefit from strong projected job growth in the cybersecurity industry.
- Industry Experience Learn the latest hacking skills used to combat cybercrime and improve network security for any organization.
How to get started in hacking
Start with the fundamentals
White hat hacker training is based on a strict ethical code. All ethical hackers need a strong foundation in programming and scripting, computer networks, and operating systems before advancing to more complex hacking techniques. Entry-level hackers must also build a strong understanding of offensive cybersecurity techniques and professional skills, including ethical conduct.
Consider what role you are ultimately seeking in cybersecurity and research its requirements. Think about factors like education requirements, salary expectations, and room for advancement in your chosen specialty. You may already have a preferred area of specialization in mind; however, there are also generalist hackers who have expertise in all areas.
Enroll in a hacking course or apply for a degree
Ethical hacking courses provide opportunities for beginning hackers to gain hands-on experience or brush up on fundamental skills. Hacking bootcamps also offer upskilling opportunities in an accelerated format online.
You may be ready to apply for a bachelor's degree in computer science or data science that includes relevant cybersecurity coursework, which can prepare you for an entry-level position in IT. More experienced cybersecurity professionals may choose to pursue a master's degree or an executive education course in a targeted area.
Build hands-on experience
Hands-on experience is critical for ethical hackers looking to launch their careers. Hackers must demonstrate the ability to apply theoretical skills in real-world scenarios. Employers require hackers to have experience in applying theory and problem-solving to qualify for entry-level positions.
Ethical hacking courses and degrees offer experiential learning opportunities through labs, mock cyberattack scenarios, and competitive exercises in the virtual space. You may also pursue internships or ask your employer about on-the-job learning opportunities for entry-level roles.
Pursue industry certifications to highlight your skills
While certification is typically only optional for entry-level hacking positions, you might consider pursuing professional certification to enhance your job prospects. Employers may prefer or require certification for more advanced cybersecurity roles.
Professional certifications like Certified Ethical Hacker and CompTIA PenTest+ can help highlight your proficiency in relevant technical and soft skills. Reputable industry organizations award professional certifications to hackers who meet strict requirements. These typically include completing an approved training course, demonstrating work experience, and passing a certification exam.
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