What is Python?

Discover Python, one of the most popular programming languages. Learn how it’s used and find out how you can start coding with edX courses.

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By: Jhoni Jackson, Edited by: Rebecca Munday, Reviewed by: Monali Mirel Chuatico

Published: July 9, 2025

Over the shoulder view of coders working on a new project together.

Python is one of the most popular computer programming languages. In fact, many of the world's best-known apps use this free, general-purpose language, including Instagram, Netflix, Reddit, YouTube, and Google.

Python code can be used in automation, machine learning, software development, data analysis, and more. Additionally, because it's designed with a simple syntax that resembles natural human language, it's the perfect language for newcomers just starting to learning to code.

Discover why Python is an in-demand programming language for tech professionals and novices alike, and find out how you can learn Python coding with online courses on edX.

Python overview

Whether you're interested in a tech career or learning to code as a hobby, Python is an essential programming language.

Victoria Ivy Southall, a tech professional with over 15 years of experience, said Python is the "leading automation programming language," thanks to its "massive ecosystem and readability."

Python's ecosystem is massive because of its extensive libraries, also called packages, which are collections of modules (bundles of code) created for specific purposes. Coders reference these modules to avoid rewriting code that already exists — a major time-saver, and a great hack for newcomers. On top of the more than 200 core modules in the Python Standard Library, there are hundreds of thousands more modules and packages created by users. These can be found on sites like the Python Package Index (PyPI).

Southall also noted that Python is a standout for data analysis.

"It's the go-to for slicing, dicing, and visualizing data quickly, which makes it a definite staple in the data science and business analytics fields," she said.

Python's versatility lends itself to applications across various industries, including healthcare, education, gaming, and finance. Python professionals include web developers, systems engineers, data scientists, data engineers, and software developers.

Many professionals who use Python on a daily basis earn above-average salaries. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, workers in computer and information technology roles — such as computer programmers, software developers, and web developers — earned a median of $105,990 per year in 2024. Data scientists earned $112,590.

What is Python used for?

Python is a general-purpose programming language that can be deployed in many types of programming, including:

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning
Computer vision, such as facial recognition, image classification, and object detection
Automation
Software development
Back-end development of websites and applications

For example, ForecastWatch uses Python to rate the accuracy of weather reporting across platforms. The pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca relies on Python to improve its computational drug research. In film and TV, Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) uses Python in the computerized production of visual effects.

How Python is used every day

In addition to its uses in technology, Python is also used for everyday tasks. Below you'll find examples of how people, even if they're not professional programmers, use Python to improve their day-to-day lives.

Python coding can help you:

Rename large batches of files at once
Create a personalized workout plan with reminder notifications
Evaluate online spending habits
Build a personal website
Create a reminder to change the oil in your car every 5,000 miles
Automatically "like" songs on Spotify when you "like" them on another music streaming platform

Python career paths

Professionals for whom knowledge of Python is either beneficial or required include:

Data analysts
Data Engineers
Data Scientists
AI/ML software developers
Python backend engineers
Python software engineers
Cloud support analysts
Python developers
QA analysts

However, the vast majority of tech roles require a well-rounded education in programming and computer science, not just knowledge of Python. Depending on the role, you may also need experience with:

Ruby
JS (React)
SQL and NoSQL databases
JavaScript
REST principles
GitHub and Git
MATLAB
Cloud computing

Candidates for Python jobs may also need a bachelor's degree in computer science, information technology, or a related field.

To break into these careers, newcomers often apply with a robust portfolio of personal projects, including projects developed using Python. You can also take Python courses on edX and include your completion certificate in your résumé. Freelance work, internships, and networking can also help improve your chances of landing the job you want.

Frequently asked questions about Python

Is Python easy to learn?

Python is considered one of the easiest programming languages to learn because of its simple syntax. However, as you get into more complex tasks, programming naturally becomes more complicated. To master any programming language, you'll need to dedicate time and effort to learning.

What is Python used for in real life?

Because it's a general-purpose programming language, Python has many uses. It can be used to code websites, develop software, automate processes, analyze data, build machine learning (ML) models, and create chatbots.

How long does it take to learn Python?

Depending on how much time you dedicate to studying, you could learn Python fundamentals in a few weeks' time. The more you practice and gain real experience using Python, the more your expertise can grow.

How to start Python for beginners?

To learn Python, consider taking an introductory online course that teaches the basics and also includes hands-on practice. You may want to focus your initial studies on one aspect of Python that interests you, such as task automation, data analysis, or app development. Remember that education has no expiration date — you can explore more uses for Python over time.

Is Python free to use?

Yes, Python is free to use. You can install the language for free directly from the Python website. Additionally, the Python Standard Library is free to use, and so are most user-generated Python libraries.