How to become a nuclear engineer

Nuclear energy is one of the world's most promising energy sources as we transition away from fossil fuels.

By pursuing a career in nuclear engineering, you can help safely and effectively harness this power. Here are the essential skills you'll need and the steps to get started.

What does a nuclear engineer do?

Nuclear engineers play an important role in how the world uses nuclear power. Typical responsibilities for this career path include designing nuclear equipment and managing plant operations. As a nuclear engineer, you'll be directly responsible for ensuring that nuclear waste is disposed of safely, minimizing risks to plant workers and the surrounding environment.

Nuclear engineers also engage in research. As sustainability becomes more important, your research could offer breakthroughs that make this type of energy even more important.

To be a nuclear engineer, you'll need a strong background in mathematics, physics, and engineering principles. You'll also need good problem-solving and critical thinking skills, as well as proficiency in computer-aided design (CAD) software.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), nuclear engineers made a median salary of $125,460 in 2023.

Steps to become a nuclear engineer

To work as a nuclear engineer, you'll need a combination of education and work experience.

Step 1: Earn your bachelor's degree in nuclear engineering

This is a fairly straightforward path. Complete a nuclear engineering program, or a related one like mechanical or chemical engineering if your school doesn't have a nuclear option. You'll need a strong command of math and physics, and coursework will cover things like radiation safety and nuclear physics.

Make sure your chosen program is accredited by a recognized accreditation body, like the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology.

Step 2: Look for hands-on experience

As you complete your bachelor's or shortly after, look for opportunities for hands-on experiences. An internship at a research facility, nuclear power plant, or other energy company can provide you with practical knowledge to complement what you're learning in school. In-field experience is also a common requirement for licensure.

Step 3: Get licensed

While most entry-level positions do not require you to be a licensed engineer, if you want to advance in the engineering field you will need to be licensed. Licensure requirements vary from state to state, but most require nuclear engineers to pass the Fundamentals of Engineering for Nuclear Engineers Exam and have in-field experience.

If you choose to work at a nuclear reactor facility, The Nuclear Regulatory Commission also offers a Reactor Operator certification. With the support of the facility, you will need to submit an application demonstrating you meet licensure requirements and have experience operating reactor machinery.

Make sure to check with your state licensing board to find out if there are other specific certifications or proficiency exams required for you to work as a nuclear engineer.

Step 4: Consider an advanced degree

It's possible to get an entry-level job with a bachelor's degree and initial certification. However, a master's in engineering can help you specialize in areas like nuclear fusion, nuclear policy, or nuclear technology applications. It also provides research opportunities or the chance to move into academia.

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