Learn biotechnology

Essential biotechnology skills

• Analytical skills: Biotechnology workers must have strong critical thinking skills to assess outcomes and draw conclusions based on that analysis. For example, engineers in this field must identify client needs to deliver results in research and product development.
• Problem-solving: Biotech outcomes and processes, both in lab and research contexts, may not occur as planned. As such, professionals must be able to problem-solve, pivoting when necessary as needs change.
• Communication: Biotechnology professionals typically must communicate their findings, often to non-technical workers. Many tasks are also collaborative, requiring engineers and collaborators to interface regularly.
• Technical skills and knowledge: Strong technical skills allow biotechnology professionals to get the job done. Without a working knowledge of industry-standard lab equipment or software, workers may struggle to meet expectations on the job.
• Regulatory compliance knowledge: Many biotech positions involve manufacturing and engineering products for patients and customers. These devices and the processes used to create them often must meet strict governmental standards.

How to get started in biotechnology

1. Take prerequisite math and science courses

Before pursuing a bachelor's degree, you can build your understanding of core concepts by learning math, life sciences, and biology. You will commonly encounter these courses in high school or college, but if you've already earned a diploma or if your college credits have expired and you want to enroll in classes to bolster your fundamentals, research online courses in these subjects. Even if they do not confer credit, you can learn key topics before enrolling in a four-year program.

2. Earn a bachelor's degree in biology, engineering, or a related field

A bachelor's degree is a typical requirement for most biotechnology-related positions. These four-year programs begin with two years of general education credits before shifting into major classes. If you have a career in mind at this stage, you can choose a specific degree that aligns with your goal — for example, an agricultural engineering degree can prepare you to pursue biotechnology work that explores environmental factors and crop growth.

3. Complete an internship

Though an internship may not be required for all positions in this field, these experiences allow you to learn biotechnology through hands-on work in real-world environments. Providers may offer internships specifically for high school students, college students, or postgrads.

Along with learning in real-world environments, internships offer opportunities to make lasting connections with peers and mentors, which you can help when you're searching for a job after graduation.

4. Consider licensure or certification

Certification and licensure requirements vary by position. For example, agricultural engineers do not need these credentials for employment. Still, they can pursue professional engineering licensure to demonstrate their mastery of the field and stand out in the job market. These certifications are handled on the state level and usually require you to:

• Complete an ABET-accredited degree
• Possess four years of engineering performance
• Pass two engineering exams

Each credential has various stipulations, so research any requirements at the start of your biotechnology journey.

5. Consider earning a master's degree

Some employers in biotechnology require applicants to have just a bachelor's degree, while others may prefer candidates with a graduate degree. These two-year programs dive deeper into subjects and may include more opportunities for specialization. For example, some schools feature concentrations in areas like bioinformatics, biodefense, and regulatory affairs.

Master's programs also typically culminate in a capstone course, requiring students to research a topic of their choosing. You can then use this project to become published professionally and contribute to the field with your findings.

How long does it take to learn biotechnology

The time it takes to learn biotechnology depends on your goals and level of expertise. For example, you can learn biotechnology fundamentals in an independent course. To master the subject, you may need to complete a bachelor's degree, followed by a master's program, which can take six or more years, in total. Even after completing a graduate program, many professionals must become published and continue to conduct research as lifelong learners.

Consider your goals to understand how long it takes to learn biotechnology. Your objective can also help you find the ideal program for your needs. Consider the following lengths of edX's biotechnology programs.

Jobs that use biotechnology

Below, find jobs that you can pursue by learning biotechnology, with 2024 salary data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Biomedical engineers

These professionals use biomedical engineering concepts to develop, test, and implement medical devices, prosthetics, and software. They also instruct medical professionals on the correct uses and implementations of equipment in their practices. You need a bachelor's degree in bioengineering or a similar field to become a biomedical engineer.

• Bottom 10% annual earnings: $71,860
• Median annual earnings: $106,950
• Top 10% annual earnings: $165,060

Agricultural engineers

Agricultural engineers design and create structures and machinery to advance efficiency and effectiveness for cultivating plants and managing livestock. These engineers use biotechnology to develop devices and housing that can improve conditions and output for crops and animals.

• Bottom 10% annual earnings: $43,020
• Median annual earnings: $84,630
• Top 10% annual earnings: $132,700

Medical scientists

These scientists use clinical trials, investigative studies, and experiments to research current challenges and potential medical advancements. They write and publish their findings in academic journals. Medical scientists may also create grant proposals to access money for research projects.

• Bottom 10% annual earnings: $61,770
• Median annual earnings: $99,770
• Top 10% annual earnings: $167,600

Microbiologists

Microbiologists observe life at the molecular level, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi, to diagnose conditions and develop medicines to combat various diseases. They use biotechnological devices to study microscopic changes. Like medical scientists, they publish their findings and apply for grants to support their research.

• Bottom 10% annual earnings: $51,220
• Median annual earnings: $87,330
• Top 10% annual earnings: $150,650

Biochemists

These professionals work in laboratories, using chemistry to study interactions and changes of microorganisms, such as their division and growth patterns. Biochemists may research genetic changes across generations and apply biotechnology to impart genomic alterations for agricultural needs, such as drought-resistant crops.

• Bottom 10% annual earnings: $64,890
• Median annual earnings: $103,650
• Top 10% annual earnings: $168,900

Your next steps on edX

Looking to learn biotechnology fundamentals or more advanced topics in the field? Sign up for an edX program today and start your biotechnology journey.

1. Demonstrate your understanding by completing an edX biotechnology certificate.
2. Focus your learning with an edX biotechnology course.

Establish your expertise with edX's CRISPR: Gene-editing Applications executive education program.

Last updated June 23, 2025