What is a master’s degree?
Should you consider a master’s degree? Learn about the benefits of a master’s degree and how to choose the right program.
Understanding master's degrees: What you need to know
A master's degree is an advanced degree that demonstrates your expertise in a field of study. Master's programs typically require students to complete 30–60 credits of coursework. Depending on the program, you'll typically complete a thesis, capstone project, or practicum experience.
Earning a master's degree can lead to new job opportunities, a salary increase, and career advancement.
Academic vs. professional master's degrees
Academic master's degrees
If you're researching grad programs, there's a good chance you'll see master of arts (MA) and master of science (MS) degrees. These are the most common types of master's degrees, and they're offered in nearly every discipline.
Also known as academic master's degrees, MA and MS programs emphasize research and theory. During their studies, master's students develop critical analysis skills in their discipline.
You can pursue a specialized master's degree in fields such as STEM, business, education, health and human services, or the arts and humanities.
- Master of arts: Social sciences, humanities, and education master's programs often award an MA. These fields include English, history, sociology, political science, communication, and public administration.
- Master of science: Science, engineering, technology, healthcare, and business programs typically award an MS. You can earn an MS in nursing, economics, computer science, management, and information technology.
Professional master's degrees
Professional master's degrees emphasize career-focused training, preparing graduates to work in specific industries.
Some examples of professional master's degrees include:
- Master of business administration (MBA)
- Master of public health (MPH)
- Master of social work (MSW)
- Master of education (MEd)
Why pursue a master’s degree?
What are the benefits of earning a master's degree? Here are just a few of the reasons people apply to grad school:
- Gain specialized expertise: Strengthen specialized knowledge and skills during a master's degree by taking graduate-level courses in your field.
- Boost your earning potential: Earning a master's degree can lead to roles with higher salaries, whether you stay in your current field or move into another field.
- Qualify for new careers: Want to be a school principal or a nurse practitioner? You'll need a master's degree for these and many other career paths.
- Advance your current career: Advanced degrees can help you stand out when you're up for promotion.
- Prepare for a doctorate: If you want to become a psychologist, college professor, or nurse anesthetist, you'll need a doctorate — and a master's degree can help you get into a top program.
What to expect from a master's degree program
Wondering what to expect from a master's program? Here's what you need to know before you apply to grad school.
Understand admission requirements
Admission requirements vary depending on the program. Here are the typical materials you'll need to apply to a master's program:
- A bachelor's degree and official transcripts
- Standardized test scores (GRE, GMAT, LSAT, etc.)
- Letters of recommendation
- A résumé
- A statement of purpose
Some programs set prerequisites, minimum GPAs, and minimum standardized test scores. You might also complete an interview.
Build skills through structured curricula
Master's programs incorporate advanced coursework to strengthen your knowledge and skills. Review each potential program's topics and credit requirements when researching. Some master's programs require a thesis or capstone project.
Map out your degree journey
Most master's programs take full-time students two years to complete. You can also find accelerated programs that take 12–18 months. Part-time programs take longer, but they can give you more flexibility.
Review the timeline and enrollment options for different programs to find the best fit.
See how a master's degree supports your goals
A master's degree can open the door to new career paths or give you the skills to advance in your current field.
However, the benefits of a master's degree vary by field. Research whether you need a master's degree in your industry. Next, consider demand and earning potential.
Make a financial plan for grad school
Grad school can be expensive. Compare tuition and fees to identify programs that fit your budget. Then, research financial aid, including scholarships and grants. Finally, factor in the return on investment.
Meet graduation requirements
Here are some typical program requirements:
- Credits: 30–60
- Program length: 1–2 years, depending on the program
- Culminating experience: master's thesis, master's exam, practicum, and/or capstone project
Your field of study and delivery format can affect these requirements, so make sure to research what's expected in your field.
- Consider your interests and career goals.
- Ensure the program aligns with your professional objectives.
- Review each program’s cost, length, and delivery format.
- Decide between online and in-person learning.
- Determine if you can work while enrolled.
- Explore available financial aid options.
- Make a list of your top programs.
- Research graduate outcomes, student services, and career support.
- Invest time to understand your options and maximize your ROI.
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Find the right master's degree for you