How to become a farmer
Do you want to grow food or raise animals on your own little piece of the earth? If so, your ideal career path may be to become a farmer. This guide can walk you through the basics of a farming career and the steps you can take to make it your reality.
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What does a farmer do?
A farmer grows crops, raises livestock, and manages land to produce food, fiber, and other agricultural products. They work in several settings, from small family lavender fields to large-scale commercial cattle operations and beyond.
A farmer's tasks can include:
- Planting, growing, and harvesting crops
- Caring for animals
- Operating and maintaining equipment
- Keeping records
- Managing merchandise and sales
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers earned a median annual salary of $83,770 in 2023.
Steps to become a farmer
Farming isn't just a career — it's an entire way of life that demands practical skills, knowledge, and planning. Here are five steps you can take to start down this path.
Step 1: Determine what type of farmer you want to be
A farmer can grow crops, raise animals, or both. Decide on the type of farming that suits your interests, skills, and resources.
The main categories of farming are:
- Crop farming
- Livestock farming
- Mixed farming
Crop farmers grow grains, vegetables, fruits, or other plants and produce. Livestock farmers raise animals like cattle, poultry, and sheep. Meanwhile, mixed farming combines crop and livestock production for a diversified agricultural approach.
Research can help you choose a path that aligns with your goals and local market demands. You may want to study farming approaches, like agriculture or sustainable development to make an informed decision.
Step 2: Gain relevant education and training
While a formal education isn't required in farming, agribusiness or animal breeding courses can be very useful, depending on the path you choose. Many learning institutions offer agricultural programs that provide both foundational knowledge and hands-on experience.
If formal schooling isn't an option, consider internships on established farms. Hands-on experience allows you to learn from seasoned agriculture professionals to understand the day-to-day challenges of managing a farm.
Step 3: Create a farm business plan
Farming is both a lifestyle and an enterprise. Business planning can help you define your goals, outline your market, and identify the equipment and land you'll need.
Key areas to consider include:
- Funding sources
- Cost analysis
- Sales outlets
Explore grants, loans, and financial assistance programs for new farmers. Create a budget for land, seeds, feed, machinery, and labor. Identify ways to sell your products. Consider whether your main sales channel may be farmers markets, local stores, or direct-to-consumer sales.
A solid business plan can help you stay organized and may even increase your chances of securing funding.
Step 4: Obtain land and necessary equipment
Land and equipment are vital to any farm operation. Look into purchasing or leasing land that meets your needs for soil quality, water access, and climate. Note that equipment needs can range from tractors and plows for crop farming to specific housing for livestock.
Consider used or rented equipment for a cost-effective start, and make sure to understand local regulations or zoning laws that might impact your farm setup.
Step 5: Stay informed and expand your skills
Agriculture is constantly evolving with new technologies, sustainable practices, and market demands. To build your skills, attend workshops, join local farming networks, and follow agricultural research.
Courses in areas like ecosystems or social entrepreneurship may also boost your expertise and attract customers who value sustainable practices.
Get started on edX
To learn more about agriculture and gain valuable skills for a successful farming career, explore farming and sustainability courses on edX.