Learn quantum computing: What is it and how to get started

Understand how quantum computing works, which jobs use quantum mechanics, and how to choose a learning program that fits your goals.

Create an account

Browse online Quantum Computing Certificates

Find new interests and advance your career opportunities

Stand out in your field

Use the knowledge and skills you have gained to drive impact at work and grow your career.

Learn at your own pace

On your computer, tablet or phone, online courses make learning flexible to fit your busy life.

Earn a valuable credential

Showcase your key skills and valuable knowledge.

Certificates

What is quantum computing?

Quantum computing is an emerging field within computer science that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to solve complex problems quickly. It utilizes qubits, or quantum bits, that can exist in multiple states simultaneously, enabling parallel computations and efficient problem-solving.

Quantum computing uses the unique behavior of quantum particles to perform many mathematical calculations at once. Quantum computers can solve problems more quickly and efficiently than traditional computers.

How does quantum computing technology work?

To understand how quantum computing technology works, you must know how a traditional computer works. Your computer's central processing unit contains billions of transistors. Each transistor is a binary switch that can be off or on, creating a bit of information in the form of a 0 or a 1.

Although more transistors make a more powerful computer, their binary nature creates a speed bottleneck. Quantum transistors solve this problem by allowing for superposition, the concept that matter can exist in multiple states at once. Transistors can simultaneously exist as on and off or as 0 and 1. Key advantages include a massive increase in processing power with a fraction of the transistors.

Key principles of quantum mechanics

Before starting a quantum computing course, review the four key principles of quantum mechanics that have inspired this groundbreaking technology.

Superposition: Quantum superposition states that matter acts like a wave at the subatomic level. Waves can combine and create new things, meaning that what is observed at a particular instant may not be the same thing that existed the instant before or after.
Entanglement: Quantum entanglement is when two subatomic particles become linked. No matter how far apart these particles drift from one another, they will always act the same way.
Decoherence: Quantum decoherence is when a subatomic particle loses its superposition. While a coin flipping in the air has superposition because it is heads and tails simultaneously, it becomes decoherent once it lands because it must be heads or tails.
Interference: Superimposed subatomic particles create interference when their waves interact. This interference affects the chances of different outcomes, such as how a subatomic particle will travel.

How to get started in quantum computing

1. Make a learning plan

Consider why you want to learn quantum computing. Perform self-reflection to discover your motivations. If quantum computing is a general interest subject or a potential hobby, you may not need an undergraduate or graduate degree.

To qualify for an entry-level job, you'll need many years of schooling. Research programs to get a general idea of how long you need to study. Most master's degrees take 12-36 months to earn on top of four years to complete a bachelor's degree program. Doctoral programs require an additional 4-8 years.

Once you know what you want to do with your education, make a plan. Leave yourself some wiggle room if unexpected events require you to pause your studies.

2. Take an online quantum computing course

Understand the quantum computing field with an online course from edX before committing to a degree program. Benefits of starting with a course include:

Paying less money than if you enrolled in a full degree program.
Focusing on the topics and skills that interest you the most.
Exploring how different universities educate quantum computing students.

You may also earn some college credit, depending on the program. As you take courses, pay close attention to those that challenge you the most. You may find you need supplementary education in mathematics, computer science, physics, or other STEM topics.

3. Explore potential careers

Explore relevant careers once you understand your personal and professional interests. Options include:

Quantum computing researcher: These professionals use their physics expertise to build the next generation of quantum computers. Responsibilities may include developing new hardware and performing original research.
Quantum research scientist: Quantum research scientists develop the mathematical models and algorithms necessary to operate quantum computers. Continuous professional development keeps them up to date on the latest discoveries.

These and related careers require at least an undergraduate degree. Speaking with college admissions advisors can help you find the best program at the right price.

4. Earn a bachelor's or master's degree

Earn the degree you need to reach your career goals. Fortunately, there are many degree pathways to a career in quantum computing, including:

Bachelor's degrees:
- Bachelor's degree in computer science
- Bachelor's degree in computer engineering
Master's degrees:

Your choice depends on many factors, such as your career goals. Remember to make the most of electives that can help you develop transferable communication and leadership skills.

While in school, research and apply for summer internships in quantum computing, which will allow you to contribute to research, gain experience in a laboratory, and make professional connections.

How to choose the best quantum computing program for you

Selecting the quantum computing educational program that best works for you depends on your interests, career ambitions, time constraints, and budget.

Below are some of the main pathways you can choose from to learn quantum computing on edX:

Courses: edX courses are short, self-paced programs that teach learners the fundamentals of quantum computing, help them build new skills, or allow them to deepen their existing knowledge of the field.
Certificates: Working professionals interested in career advancement or change can obtain professional certificates in topics such as quantum computing, semiconductor technology, and quantum internet.
Executive education programs: Executive Education courses are primarily designed for experienced professionals looking to enhance their leadership skills in a chosen field.
Degrees: Students can pursue a bachelor's degree in computer science or a master's degree in information technology to further advance their careers in quantum computing.

What to expect from a quantum computing program

A quantum computing course, either in the form of an in-person class or an online course, may begin with an overview of traditional and quantum computing and quantum physics, followed by a study of the algorithm construction process. A more advanced quantum computing course will dig deeper and require greater knowledge of math, coding, and data science.

Jobs that use quantum computing

Quantum computing jobs continue to evolve as quantum technology advances, though the majority of roles require at least a bachelor's degree in a relevant field.

Below, find a few roles that use quantum computing, with required education information and salary data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS):

Computer and information research scientists

Many computer and information research scientists study quantum theory and conduct experiments to find solutions to problems. They may work for large corporations or the local, state, and federal governments.

Required education: Master's degree in computer science, computer and information technology, computer engineering, or a related field; some employers may also require a doctorate
Median annual salary (May 2024): $140,910

Computer hardware engineers

Computer hardware engineers help to design, develop, and build the physical components of a quantum computer, including the qubits, control systems, and cryogenic environments.

Required education: Bachelor's degree in computer engineering, computer and information technology, or a related field
Median annual salary (May 2024): $155,020

Quantum information physicist

Quantum information physicists, classified by the BLS under the larger group of physicists, study ways to use atoms, photons, and other quantum objects in information processing, cryptography, and computing. They concentrate on how the fundamental nature of quantum mechanics and its uncertainties can be used in solving problems.

Required education: Doctoral or professional degree in physics or a related field
Median annual salary (May 2024): $166,290

Your next steps to learn quantum computing online with edX

Ready to begin learning quantum computing? Take your next steps with edX:

Sign up for a foundational quantum computing course on edX
Advance your career with a professional certificate in quantum computing and quantum internet
Grow your quantum computing skills with a master's degree in computer science or data science

More opportunities for you to learn

We've added 500+ learning opportunities to create one of the world's most comprehensive free-to-degree online learning platforms.

Frequently asked questions about quantum computing

What's the difference between quantum computing and classical computing?

In classical computing, data is represented using binary code, where each bit of data can be either a 0 or a 1. On the other hand, in quantum computing, qubits can exist in states of 0, 1, or both simultaneously due to superposition. This allows quantum computers to perform computations in parallel and solve complex problems much faster than classical computers.

What skills do you need to become a quantum computer scientist?

Quantum computer scientists have in-depth knowledge of quantum physics, data analysis, engineering, modeling, math, and coding. Quantum computing engineers, quantum computer scientists, and quantum developers perform the same tasks as general computing engineers, computer scientists, and developers, except that they use quantum mechanics in their work.

How close are we to quantum computing?

For decades, quantum computing was strictly theoretical. But the first quantum computer was developed in the late 20th century, so quantum computing is already here! Now, people can even take a quantum computing class online and earn a quantum computing certificate upon completion. Cloud computing services, such as Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud Platform, offer quantum computing services for rent.

What companies are working on quantum computing?

The exact number of quantum computers in the world is unknown. Advancements in quantum computing are often kept tightly under wraps, and some governments may have quantum computer programs that are not publicly known. What is known, however, is that quantum computers have been built worldwide by companies such as Google, Amazon, IBM, Intel, and Microsoft.

Last updated July 9, 2025