TAUx: Climate Change: The Science Behind the Crisis - Part 2

• The Oceans : Oceans cover 70% of the area of the Earth, and hence have a huge impact on the climate of the Earth. The ocean currents, temperatures, and absorption of carbon dioxide are all key features that influence the global climate.
• The Cryosphere : Some parts of the planets are always frozen below 0C. These include glaciers, sea ice, land ice and permafrost regions (frozen ground). The cryosphere is responding dramatically to rising temperatures, with impacts on sea level rise, ocean currents and global temperatures.
• The Biosphere : Vegetation around the planet also has an important role in modulating the Earth’s climate. Both on land and in the oceans plants absorb CO2 via photosynthesis, while also impacting land temperatures, albedo and moisture balance.
• Volcanoes : While volcanoes may not seem relevant to the discussion about climate change, we know that large volcanic eruptions in the past have resulted in a significant cooling of global temperatures. Hence, we need to understand the science behind this global cooling.
• Climate Forecasts : After understanding the different key aspects of the climate system, we can now discuss global climate models and how they are used to simulate the climate system (past, present, and future). What are the scenarios for 2100?
• Solutions : Finally, after understanding the problem we face, we can also address the possible solutions. What is the road map to get to net-zero emissions by 2050? Can we do it? What are the alternatives?

8. The oceans and their role in the Earth's climate
9. The Cryosphere - glaciers, ice sheets and permafrost
10. The Biosphere - the role of vegetation in regulating the climate
11. Volcanoes and their impact on the climate
12. Forecast for 2050? Climate models and simulations
13. How do we solve this problem?