Learn physics
Learn how physics reveals the laws of nature, from subatomic particles to galaxies, and build skills that power technology, research, and innovation. Start with online courses on edX.
Key takeaways
- Physics explains how the universe works, from motion and force to energy and matter.
- It's math-intensive. Expect to use algebra, calculus, and differential equations.
- Physics powers innovation in AI, robotics, climate science, and aerospace. Advanced study in physics can lead to high-impact careers in these fields.
- edX offers beginner-friendly courses and advanced certificate programs to help you start learning physics.
What is physics?
Physics is the scientific study of the natural world. The science focuses on the behavior and interactions of matter and energy. It explores the fundamental laws and principles that govern the universe, such as motion, energy, force, and gravity. Physics applies these laws and principles to explain the behavior of objects and systems. It also seeks to understand and predict how these objects and systems interact and behave in different conditions.
Physicists and other scientists use physics to test hypotheses and solve problems. In physics, scientists create scientific laws, commonly expressed mathematically, so that other natural phenomena can be predicted and explained.
According to the Institute of Physics, the field has practical applications in:
- Artificial intelligence (AI)
- Engineering
- Healthcare
- Robotics
- Renewable energy
Why learning physics matters
- Develop cross-functional STEM skills: Physics strengthens problem-solving by training you to analyze systems, recognize patterns, and apply logic and math to real challenges.
- Prepare for high-paying, future-ready careers: Physics majors can pursue high-paying roles in fast-growing fields like AI, aerospace engineering, finance, energy, and tech-driven research.
- Work on meaningful, complex problems: Use physics to understand real-world phenomena and develop urgent solutions, from climate modeling to spacecraft design.
- Keep learning for life: Physics never stands still. You'll constantly encounter new theories, tools, and questions, which is perfect for curious, lifelong learners.
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What do you learn in online physics courses?
An introductory online physics course may begin with studying the foundational concepts, which can include topics such as Newton's Laws and motion, conservation of energy and momentum, gravitation, waves and sound, and electric charge in matter.
Learning the subject requires students to solve mathematical equations to calculate distance, velocity, acceleration, force, and energy.
As you progress in your learning, you may be able to study the application of physics to specific subfields. With edX, you can enroll in a physics class and take deep dives into:
- Mechanics: Focuses on the movement and motion of objects under force and at rest. Mechanics is further divided into classical mechanics, things we can see and interact with, and quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is the study of the behavior of subatomic particles like protons, electrons, and photons.
- Optics: Addresses how infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light is propagated, how it behaves, and how it affects the world.
- Thermodynamics: Explores how heat moves through the universe (via radiation, conduction, and convection) and how it interacts with energy.
- Electromagnetism: Explores the behavior and composition of light, magnetic fields, electrical fields, electron flow, and other phenomena. Like mechanics, electromagnetism can be further divided into two smaller branches: electricity and magnetism.
- Relativity: Seeks to define space and time relative to a fixed or moving frame of reference. It answers the question: "Why doesn't everything happen everywhere all at once?"
- Acoustics: Studies the propagation, transmission, detection, and effects of sound waves and similar vibrations moving through matter.
How to start your learning journey in physics
Physics is a deep, challenging subject. But starting doesn't have to be overwhelming. Here are three practical steps you can take to begin learning physics:
1. Start by learning the math.
Math isn't just helpful in physics — it's the language in which physics is written. You'll need algebra, trigonometry, and eventually calculus (especially concepts like derivatives and integrals). Start with algebra, and build from there.
2. Focus on foundational concepts.
Build a solid understanding of the basics: Newton's laws, force, energy, motion, and electricity. Use curated subject indexes to find recommended materials organized by topic. Introductory physics is about learning a new language. It's okay if it doesn't "click" right away.
3. Choose a structured learning path and manage your expectations.
If you want consistent progress, consider enrolling in a structured program, like a physics course or certificate program on edX. These give you accountability, a clear sequence, and access to educators for questions, as well as group discussion forums. But keep in mind: It won't suddenly get "easy." The formulas will make more sense over time if you relate them to real-world scenarios.
How long does it take to learn physics
You may learn the basics of physics in a couple of months, but mastering the subject typically takes 4-10 years. A bachelor's degree takes about four years of full-time study to earn; earning a master's degree in physics or a doctorate, such as a doctor of philosophy (PhD), adds 3-7 more years.
Your specific timeline depends on your existing level of knowledge, whether you plan to study part or full time, and the admission and graduation requirements of your program. These may include research projects, lab work, or teaching experience, which are common in advanced physics degree programs.
Jobs that apply physics
Learning physics can lead to exciting and unexpected career opportunities. According to the Institute of Physics, expertise in physics is valuable in innovative sectors such as visual effects, gaming, AI and robotics, digital healthcare, and climate science.
These careers are in high demand and offer strong earning potential. Explore some rewarding jobs you can pursue with an advanced physics education, as listed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS):
Your next steps on edX
No matter where you are in your learning journey, edX offers flexible options to help you grow, from sparking your curiosity to advancing your career.
- Explore your interests: Try an introductory physics course or specialized subjects like thermodynamics, astrophysics, or quantum mechanics.
- Get ready for college-level physics: Thinking about pursuing a bachelor's degree in physics? edX offers pre-university courses in physics, math, science, and engineering. These courses can help bridge any gaps in your knowledge and better prepare you for your first year in college.
- Advance academically and professionally: Already have a bachelor's degree? Build deeper expertise with a master's, PhD, or professional degree and strengthen your qualifications for research or academic roles.
- Develop leadership skills: Already working in physics? Build leadership, management, and strategic communication skills to move into senior roles through edX's Executive Education programs and Professional Certificates.
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Last updated June 20, 2025